Introduction
This clinical trial set out to examine whether targeted nutritional supplementation could enhance working memory in healthy older adults. By combining omega-3 fatty acids, macular carotenoids, and vitamin E, we explored the potential of a multi-nutrient strategy to support cognitive function as we age, particularly in domains known to decline over time, such as memory and attention.
Why was the research undertaken?
Our earlier studies showed strong associations between macular pigment levels, carotenoids, and cognitive function in ageing populations. Separately, omega-3 fatty acids like DHA are known to support brain structure and function. This trial aimed to go a step further: to see if a combination of these nutrients could improve working memory, not just preserve it, in healthy, community-dwelling older adults without diagnosed cognitive impairment.
How was the study conducted?
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 92 healthy participants aged 65 and older were randomised to receive either a daily supplement (containing DHA, EPA, lutein, meso-zeaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and vitamin E) or a placebo for 24 months. Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and post-intervention using validated tools, with Spatial Working Memory (SWM) as the primary outcome.
What were the results?
The group receiving the active supplement demonstrated statistically significant improvements in working memory, particularly in spatial tasks involving memory accuracy and executive function. There were also trends toward improvement in other cognitive domains. Importantly, the supplement was safe, well-tolerated, and associated with increased blood levels of the key nutrients, confirming both biological uptake and cognitive benefit.
What is the societal benefit?
This trial provides robust evidence that nutritional supplementation can improve, not just maintain, aspects of cognitive performance in healthy older adults. In a world facing rising rates of cognitive decline and dementia, such findings offer a safe, accessible, non-pharmacological option for supporting brain health and independence as we age. The combination of omega-3s and carotenoids could form part of a broader public health approach to cognitive resilience.
